Karl Anschutz studied under Johann Christian Friedrich Schneider in Dessau beginning in 1837, having moved there to continue his musical education after initial training with his father. Schneider, a prominent German organist, composer, and pedagogue, included Anschutz among the many students he taught at the music school he founded in Dessau.
During his period of study, the relationship between teacher and student deepened further, as Karl Anschutz eventually married Schneider's daughter, indicating a close personal connection that developed alongside their formal pedagogical relationship.